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U.S. Payroll Tax

Payroll tax is a tax imposed on wages and salaries, collected by employers and paid to the government. It funds Social Security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, and other federal/state programs. Both employers and employees share responsibility for paying payroll taxes.


Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)

Social Security Tax

 Applies only up to a set income cap ($168,600 for 2024)

6.2% of wages (employer pays 6.2% + employee pays 6.2%)


Medicare Tax

1.45% of wages (employer + employee) without capping.

Additional 0.9% Medicare tax on income above $200,000 (individuals) / $250,000 (married couples), paid only by the employee.

Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA)

6.0% on the first $7,000 of wages per employee paid by employer only. Employers can usually get a credit of up to 5.4%, reducing effective FUTA tax to 0.6%.

State Unemployment Tax (SUTA/SUI)

Paid mainly by employers funds state unemployment benefits., rate varies by state and employer’s unemployment history (in some states, employees contribute too).

Who Pays Payroll Taxes

Employees: Have their share automatically withheld from paychecks.

Employers: Must match Social Security/Medicare and pay FUTA & SUTA.

Self-Employed Individuals: Pay both employer + employee portions through the Self-Employment Tax (15.3%).

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Social Security Tax

Tax Withholding Policies

Social Security Tax

Social Security Tax is a federal payroll tax collected under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) to fund the U.S. Social Security program.


It provides benefits for:

  • Retired workers
  • Disabled individuals
  • Survivors of deceased workers
  • Dependents of beneficiaries

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Medicare Tax

Tax Withholding Policies

Social Security Tax

Medicare Tax is a federal payroll tax collected under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) to fund the U.S. Medicare program. 


This program provides health insurance for:

  • People aged 65 and older
  • Certain younger individuals with disabilities
  • People with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

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Self Employment Tax

Tax Withholding Policies

Tax Withholding Policies

Self-Employment Tax is the U.S. payroll tax paid by individuals who work for themselves. 


It covers contributions to:

  • Social Security 
  • Medicare


In a regular job, these taxes are split between employer and employee. But if you are self-employed, you pay both portions yourself.

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Tax Withholding Policies

Tax Withholding Policies

Tax Withholding Policies

Tax withholding is the process where employers (or payers) deduct taxes directly from wages, salaries, or payments before they are paid to an employee or taxpayer. These withheld taxes are then remitted to the IRS or state tax authority.

It ensures the government collects taxes throughout the year rather than waiting until taxpayers file r

Tax withholding is the process where employers (or payers) deduct taxes directly from wages, salaries, or payments before they are paid to an employee or taxpayer. These withheld taxes are then remitted to the IRS or state tax authority.

It ensures the government collects taxes throughout the year rather than waiting until taxpayers file returns.


Withholding tax process flow:

Employee (Form W-4) → Employer calculates → Deduction from paycheck → Remittance to IRS/State → Reporting (W-2 & 941) → Reconciliation at year-end (Form 1040).

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